Mas del blog de Nacho/More from Nacho’s blog

 

Cuba, Obama, and the quickening pace of change

 
 

Weekly Newsblast
January 9, 2009
Dear Friend:

Read the news summary this week and see if you agree with us - the pace of change is accelerating and there is more pressure on the incoming Obama administration to take bold steps on Cuba.

On the diplomatic front, Spain has urged the administration to change U.S. policy - and its attitude - toward Cuba, if it wants to be influential in the process of change on the island.  Visits by Latin American heads of state to Cuba have begun in earnest following the anniversary of Cuba's revolution.  President Raúl Castro has made new comments on the record talking about negotiations with the United States and spelling out terms for talks from Cuba's perspective.  The strategy of intensifying pressure from the South on the U.S. to change our policy toward Cuba continues moving forward.

On the issue of U.S. policy reform, the line of organizations calling for a total repeal of the travel ban grew longer this week.  Previously, the Catholic Bishops, key elements of the travel and tourism industry, mainline Protestant denominations, and the Cuba Study Group added their names to the call for repeal of the travel ban.  Now, Freedom House, a human rights group long critical of Cuba, added its name.  The center of gravity of the Cuba debate has shifted significantly - not just since Mr. Obama called for repeal of restrictions on Cuban-Americans in September 2007, but since his election last November.  There is now more room domestically for Obama to go beyond his campaign pledges.

On the issue of reform in Cuba, the government took steps to permit Cuban citizens to build their own homes using private funds.  Support gathered in Cuba for steps the government is taking to reform wages and benefits to emphasize productivity and merit.  Cuba's government made public more economic statistics showing greater governmental transparency.  This news, along with reports that the Catholic Church is working together with the government to distribute aid, provide additional evidence of change on the island itself.

In response to this, what should President-elect Obama do?  It's time for the U.S. and Cuba to talk.  On Monday, January 12, we will be releasing our report, "9 Ways for US to Talk to Cuba and for Cuba to Talk to US," which features dozens of recommendations by experts in a variety of fields for actions the U.S. and Cuba could take together to solve problems and build new relationships of confidence and trust.  Visit our website on Monday, when we'll make this timely report available for download.  

But for now, here's this week's news.
DIPLOMACY

Spain calls on the U.S. to "change its attitude" towards Cuba

Spain's Secretary of State for Ibero-American Affairs, Trinidad Jiménez, today recommended that President-elect Barack Obama institute a "change of attitude" towards Cuba if he wants his administration to influence a "process of change" on the island, Europa Press reported.

Jiménez made the comments after having breakfast with his counterpart from the United States, Assistant Secretary of State for the Western Hemisphere, Thomas Shannon.

Jiménez said that Cuba is the "most complicated" subject in U.S. relations with Latin America and said that even if the U.S. is not going to enact immediate concrete policy changes, they should initiate an attitude of "greater respect toward Cuban authorities, of not imposing any position and not publically pressuring."

He also noted the "disposition" on the part of Raúl Castro to find "an understanding and dialogue, even in the most informal way" and in his judgment, "in the way that there are gestures coming from one side, there could be some from the other."

Finally, Jiménez said that the recent incorporation of Cuba in the Rio Group and the normalization of relations that they have achieved with the rest of the region "obligate" Washington to "maintain a different position" toward the island.

Secretary Shannon advocated a policy that focuses more on human rights and democratization in Cuba, but also said that he has advised the Obama team to "deepen" its relations with Spain to have more "success" in Latin America.

Spain was the principal actor behind the European Union's decision to end sanctions toward Cuba and follow a path of engagement.

You can read the Europa Press article here (in Spanish).

Visits by Latin American leaders send a message to Obama

Journeys to Cuba this week by Panamanian President Martin Torrijos and Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa kicked off a series of visits by Latin American heads of state designed, according to analysts, to signal to President-elect Barack Obama that a change in U.S. policy towards Cuba is needed, the Reuters news agency reported.

"With the succession of visits by Latin American presidents, the region is sending a strong message to the Obama administration: it wants Washington to end the embargo and open up political and economic relations with Cuba," said Michael Shifter of Inter-American Dialogue.

Torrijos visited over the weekend, Correa arrived on Wednesday and Argentine President Cristina Fernández will begin her visit on Saturday. Chilean President Michelle Bachelet will visit in February, and Mexican President Felipe Calderon is also expected to make a trip to the island in the first part of 2009.

In a statement following a meeting in Brazil last month, leaders from Latin America and the Caribbean urged the U.S. to end the embargo. It was the only issue on which the group issued a joint statement.

"All of this intense diplomacy is part of a strategy to involve the United States," said Sarah Stephens, Director of the Center for Democracy in the Americas.

"The parade of Chiefs of State arrives just when the Cubans are sending unmistakable signals that they are ready to speak with the United States, " she added.

Since assuming power, Raúl Castro has improved relations with a number of countries, Russia and Mexico most notably, and carried out a "diversification" of Cuba's foreign relations. He noted Cuba's success at strengthening relations in the hemisphere while celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Revolution.

"Today we are not alone in front of the empire on this side of the ocean, like we were in the sixties," he said.

Oswaldo Paya, the head of the Cuban Christian Liberation Movement, was quoted this week criticizing the impending visit of President Bachelet.  He said the Chilean embassy in Cuba had cut off contacts with his group.

You can read the Reuters article here.

You can read Mr. Paya's comments here.

Castro again says that he wants to talk to the U.S.

In an interview on Cuban State television last week, Raúl Castro reiterated that he is willing to sit down with the next president of the United States.

He said that although Obama may take "positive steps" on some world issues he believes that expectations of him are "excessive."

"Although he [Obama] is an honest man, and I believe that he is, a sincere man, and I believe that he is, one man cannot change the destiny of a country, and far less - I mean one man alone - in the United States," he said.

Castro had this to say about U.S.-Cuba relations:

"Our policy is well-defined: any day that they want to discuss, we'll discuss, in equality of conditions; as I have already said, without even the smallest shadow over our sovereignty and as equals. And, as is usually the case, or was the case, that from time to time someone would come along to ask us to make a gesture, just as I received a letter from a former president suggesting - before the U.S. elections - that changes were approaching and that it would be good if Cuba was to make a gesture, with the same kindness that he wrote me I responded: the time for unilateral gestures is over; gesture for gesture. And we are disposed to talk whenever they decide, without intermediaries, directly. But we are not in any hurry, we're not desperate, and, of course, we have said it and Fidel has said it for years: we will not talk with the stick and the carrot, that time is over, that was in another period."

You can read a transcript of the full interview here.

Congressman Lincoln Diaz-Balart: No to Policy Changes

Representative Lincoln Diaz-Balart apparently disagrees with the increasingly frequent calls for a change in U.S. Cuba policy made by foreign dignitaries, multilateral bodies, human rights organizations and editorial boards.

In response to a Financial Times editorial titled "Prepare the ground for post-Castro era," Rep. Diaz-Balart submitted a letter to the newspaper arguing that maintaining "a trade and tourism embargo on the Cuban dictatorship is...in the national interest of the US."

Diaz-Balart calls for "three fundamental developments in Cuba" in order to start talking:

"Number one, the liberation of all political prisoners. Number two, the legalization of all political parties, independent labor unions and the independent press. And number three, the scheduling of free, internationally supervised elections," Diaz-Balart wrote in the letter.

You can read Rep. Diaz-Balart's letter here.

You can read the Financial Times editorial here.

Another Human Rights Group calls for an end to Cuba travel ban

Freedom House is asking President-elect Barack Obama to end the ban on most American travel to Cuba immediately, the Associated Press reported.

The group still strongly criticizes Cuba's human rights record, but asked Obama to re-examine the embargo.  Ending the travel ban would expose Cubans to information about the outside world, Jennifer Windsor, executive director of Freedom House, said in a statement.

"It is well past time to reassess a policy that impedes the ability of American citizens to freely interact with Cubans on a large scale and thus expose them to unfettered information about the outside world.  We call on the incoming administration of Barack Obama to reexamine the embargo and to immediately lift the restrictions on remittances and travel to and from the island.

"U.S. policy would be even more effective if Americans were allowed to engage more freely with Cuban counterparts," she said.

Freedom House also noted in its statement that the United States does not impose similar travel sanctions on Americans going to other countries with low freedom ratings, including Burma, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

Two other major human rights groups, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have also repeatedly called on the United States to change its policy towards Cuba.   In November, Irene Khan, Amnesty International's secretary general, said changing Washington's Cuba policy would help Obama restore the United States' moral authority, which she said was damaged during the administration of President George W. Bush.

"We would like President-elect Obama to lift the embargo against Cuba because we believe that that embargo is contributing to denial of human rights to the people, and is not therefore conducive to human rights change," she told Reuters during a visit to Chile.
In February, José Miguel Vivanco, Americas' director at Human Rights Watch, said that it was "a good time for the US government to revisit its failed embargo policy."

"The Bush administration should end the trade and travel bans that hurt both ordinary Cubans and their Cuban-American relatives. After a half century of ineffective policies, it's time for the US to adopt a more pragmatic, multilateral approach in pressing Cuba to respect political freedoms," he said.

You can read the Associated Press article about Freedom House here.

You can read the Reuters article about Amnesty International here.

You can read the Human Rights Watch statement here.

REFORM

Cubans to be able to build their own homes

In the latest reform announced by Raúl Castro, Cubans will be permitted to build their own homes and will be able to do so using private funds, news agencies reported.

President Castro said that the policy change will make way for the quick construction of hundreds of thousands of dwellings, the Agence France-Presse reported. Home construction and the sale of building supplies in Cuba have previously been controlled primarily by the government.

They will be told "OK, here you can build. I've given you this amount of space, that amount of room for a street, and that amount for a sidewalk. Now build your little home with whatever you can," Castro said.

Castro also said that Cubans will be given clear guidelines about the dimensions of proposed new dwellings, but did not provide further details about when or how the new policy will be implemented.

Government officials earlier this year announced that they have only been building about half of Cuba's annual goal of 100,000 new homes per year, and the housing deficit was worsened by hurricanes that destroyed or damaged 500,000 homes.

Castro announced a series of reforms in 2008 including giving land to private farmers, increasing farmers' pay, decentralizing the agricultural sector and removing prohibitions on Cubans buying cell phones, computers and other electronics and renting cars, staying in hotels and accessing other "tourist" facilities.

You can read the AFP article here.

Workers favor the new emphasis on rewarding individual results

Cuba is putting less emphasis on subsidies and social spending and focusing more on rewarding individual workers in an attempt to increase production, the Financial Times reported.

President Raúl Castro announced in December that subsidized holidays at vacation resorts were being abolished, as well as 50 per cent of international government travel and other unnamed gratuities.

In other speeches and interviews marking the January 1st anniversary of the Revolution, Raúl Castro said repeatedly that workers do not appreciate many subsidies and gratuities and should receive increased pay instead.  

"It is well known that the vast majority of people do not appreciate a gratuity or generally high subsidies of goods and services as part of the return for their labor, for which they look only at wages," Castro told parliament in late December.

President Castro has already lifted limits on salaries and called for the implementation of results-based pay in production and service based areas. In an interview aired last week, Castro said that wages should reflect the value of one's work and those who do not work should feel economic pressure to do so.

"If we do not take measures...we will not get out of the hole we are in, and we are going to get out of it," Castro said, without offering details.

According to the Financial Times, many workers support the shift.

"Why, after working 24 years, is my ration the same as people who have never worked?" Nancy Artigas, a resident of Havana, told the Financial Times.

"What's more, their rights and benefits are the same as mine. That doesn't seem fair, nor is it a way to get people to work."

You can read the Financial Times article here.

Cuba's economic data more transparent

Raúl Castro has demanded more accurate information since becoming President and Cuban statistics that were difficult to obtain just a few years ago are now easily accessible, the Financial Times reported.

In a 2006 speech to the parliament, Castro attacked unreliable and non existent data as "preventing us from knowing what has been done and what remains to be done".

In the past almost no statistics were accessible online and it took months to obtain printed figures covering the economic and social statistics from the previous year.  However, demands from a more educated public, the information age and the need to better manage affairs has led to the website of Cuba's National Statistics Office, www.one.cu, making much more information readily available.

The website is staffed by graduates of its University of Information Sciences and Oscar Maderos, the director of the NSO, says the increasing skill of local webmasters and domestic demand are driving the improvement.

"We were swamped with demands for national, provincial and even municipal information due to the universalization of higher education," he says.

The reliability of some information is disputed and some data still remains secret. For example, recent nickel production figures, and some balance of payments information and crime statistics remain unavailable.

However, dozens of previously secret reports, such as a study of internal migration, have been posted on the site and October 2008 agricultural market sales and November tourism data have already been posted.

Maderos said that some information remains secret due to the threat poised by the United States.

"You can't forget our situation. We are under siege. It would be great if some day that changed, but for now we remain vigilant," he said.

You can read the Financial Times story here.

ECONOMY

Cuba's service exports increase again in 2008

The government announced that Cuba's service exports grew by over 6 percent in 2008, earning over $9 billion in revenue and fortifying their position as Cuba's most important source of foreign exchange, the Reuters news agency reported.

Most of the income from service exports comes from Cuba's ally Venezuela, where thousands of Cuban doctors, teachers and sports trainers have worked since a 2004 accord between the two countries, under which the oil-rich South American oil-producing country pays Cuba for massive health care assistance and other services.

Cuba does not reveal exactly what is included within the export category, but officials have said tourism and related revenues, the export of medical and other technical services and donations all fall under the category.

According to government figures, 40,000 Cubans worked in Venezuela last year, 30,000 of them in the health sector.

You can read the Reuters article here.

Iran increases credit to Cuba from 200 to 500 million Euros

The Minister of Industry and Mines of Iran, Ali Akbar Mehrabian, announced this week that Iran would increase credit to Cuba from 200 to 500 million Euros (272 to 680 USD) and also said that the two countries are adopting "very important" bilateral agreements, EFE reported.

"Today we were lucky to have very good meetings about different themes of collaboration," said Akbar Mehrabian after meeting with Cuban Vice-President Ricardo Cabrisas and Minister of Foreign Affairs Felipe Pérez Roque.

The credit of 200 million Euros was granted by Iran in 2007 to finance the imports in the transportation sector and Cuba bought 550 cargo wagons and 200 railway passenger cars.

You can read the EFE article here (in Spanish).

Domestic oil and gas production slightly increased in 2008

The Cuban State oil company CUPET produced more than four million tons of crude and gas in 2008, a 1.3 percent from 2007, local media reported yesterday.

The national production supplied more tan 60 percent of Cuba's domestic needs.

The director of CUPET, Joel Pumariega, said that Cuba produces 47 percent of the crude that it consumes and that domestic gas generates 15 percent of the domestic electricity.

In 2007, Cuba produced 2.9 million tons of crude and 1.1 million cubic meters of gas.

You can read the EFE article here (in Spanish).

ALSO IN CUBA

Church and Cuba's government distribute aid together

Activists from the Catholic organization Caritas, local government officials and social workers are distributing aid to hurricane victims sent by religious organizations in the United States, Agence France-Presse reported.

"With shipments from the United States, 2,000 families were helped" in the province of Pinar del Rio, according to a recently published report by the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Cuba.

The aid, which includes food, hygiene supplies and roofing materials, is being distributed house by house, except for the medicine, which was handed over to hospitals and other health institutions, the report added.

"This work was carried out by members of the Christian communities together with Cáritas, assisted by local government officials and socials workers," the report said.

Relations between the Catholic Church and the Cuban government have gradually improved since Pope John Paul II visited the island in 1998, and have improved greatly over the last year.

In the last few months, President Raúl Castro attended the first-ever beatification in Cuba and permitted masses to take place in the prisons around Christmas for the first time in 50 years.

You can read the AFP article here (in Spanish).

Cuba opens Hemingway archive to scholars

Cuba has begun allowing electronic access to over 3,000 docu

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La proxima vez que te pregunten donde trabajo....

Un articulo publicado en Estrategia y Negocio, la revista de negocios mas importante de America Central
 
 
-----Original Message-----
From: Ignacio Abella
Sent: 07 January 2009 15:35
To:  
 Cc: 
Subject: Chambers and Partners quoted in Central American business magazine

Estrategia y Negocios is a top business publication for Central America. Their December issue covered the regional legal market and we're quoted
 
Sorry, in Spanish only!
 
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Ignacio Abella
Deputy Editor - Chambers Latin America
Chambers and Partners
T: +44 207 778 1624
M: +44 776 778 3801
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E: IgnacioA@chambersandpartners.co.uk
Orbach & Chambers Ltd.
Registered Office:
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Tel: 020 7606 8844
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"Salva un árbol, ¿crees que realmente necesitas imprimir este mensaje? / "Save a tree, do you really need to print out this message?"
 
 
 
 
 

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Happy New Year from Cuba Central!!!








Weekly Newsblast
December 30, 2008
Dear Friend:

Happy New Year.  This is the last news summary of 2008, and it is an edition that highlights the media's coverage of the fiftieth anniversary of Cuba's Revolution.

But before we get to the big events of the week, we'd like to offer a few words of thanks to people who really deserve them.

First, our readers.  We thank you for your passionate interest in Cuba and U.S. policy toward the island.  We hope that you will remain engaged with us in 2009, which will surely be a watershed year for our efforts to transform the U.S.-Cuba relationship.

Second, a shout-out to the journalists whose work we summarize every week.  

Many of the best reporters we know live in Cuba and cover events there, objectively and thoroughly, in an environment where it can be difficult to develop sources, cover events, and unearth information.  Many of them have talk to our delegations, and they all are generous with their ideas and insights.  We thank them.

We also deal with reporters in the United States who in covering Cuba recognize that distance can be distorting.  They work extra hard to get to the underlying truths of what is a very complicated and difficult story to report.  We thank them, too.

Most of all, we want to express our gratitude to the Cubans we have met along the way. 

In a debate where people on both sides - supporters and opponents of the embargo alike - so often speak for Cubans, we feel very strongly that Cubans of all stripes should be able to speak for themselves, what they hope for their lives, and what they'd like from U.S. policy.  When we publish this news summary, do our research, bring fact-finding delegations to Cuba, or conduct video interviews of Cubans to upload on the web- we try and amplify their voices.  We cannot change U.S. policy in an honest and effective way unless they are heard.  We hope our work is resonant with them. 

To these and others, named and unnamed, let's hope 2009 will be the year of change and hope that we all want it to be.
50th ANNIVERSARY OF CUBA'S REVOLUTION

This week, Cuba will celebrate the 50th anniversary of the revolution that swept Fulgencio Batista from power and ushered in the government of Fidel Castro.

Thousands, if not millions of words, will be devoted to coverage of this event - from the history of the Revolution, to Cuba's storied resistance against U.S. policy, to the accomplishments of the government and the failures of its system, and to the prospects for Cuba to open and reform and for the United States to finally accept the sovereignty of its neighbor. 

Our intention, this week, is to let that coverage speak for itself.  To that end, we offer an array of articles that have been published recently about Cuba's Revolution, where things stand now, and the prospects for change moving forward.

The BBC offers a timeline here, a gallery of pictures here, and key facts here.

An extensive account of life in Cuba as reported by the Associated Press can be read here.

A sampling of what Cubans want - 'an end to hardship but not to revolution' - can be read here.

The opinions of younger Cuban-Americans and exiles living in South Florida are written about here.

A foreign journalist reflects on how Cuba has adapted to a changing world here.

The Wall Street Journal discusses what it calls "the power of myths" here.

The Miami Herald has devoted extensive coverage which is indexed here.

Time Magazine asks "50 Years On."

THE CUBAN ECONOMY

Cuban officials ended the annual meeting of the National Assembly with speeches outlining Cuba's economic problems in 2008, and forecasting economic growth in 2009, according to reports published by the Associated Press, the AFP, and the Reuters news agency.

President Raúl Castro and Economy Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez made remarks addressing Cuba's economic conditions, discussing cuts in spending, and stating that previously announced but delayed economic reforms would still be undertaken in 2009.

The officials cited the impact on Cuba's economy of hurricanes and tropical storms, which caused at least $10 billion in damage, and resulted in a sharp increase in Cuba's import bill for food and other expenditures, as well as the impact of the global financial crisis and slowdown, which has affected critical industries such as nickel mining. 

"The year coming to an end has been without doubt one of the most difficult since the special period began," the Economy Minister said, referring to Cuba's economic crisis following the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in 1991. 

Economic growth, which had been forecast at 8 percent for 2008, came in at 4.3% for the year.  Cuba spent more than 6.7 percent more than it took in.  Prices for nickel, Cuba's top export, fell 14 percent which, according to Reuters, which cost the Cuban government $250 million in expected revenues. 

"The accounts don't square up," Raul Castro said, "two plus two always equals four, never five."

Reuters reported that before President Castro's speech, the National Assembly voted to raise the retirement age for workers to leave work with a government pension, up to 65 years for men and 60 for women.  The officials called for fiscal discipline to help Cuba see through its difficulties.

Although Cuba is now predicting its economy will grow by a relatively brisk 6 percent in 2009, President Castro said it would still take the island economy three to six years to recover from the problems it had experienced in 2008.

According to the AFP, President Castro called the lack of accountability in government spending and proper work oversight one of the "fundamental problems" of Cuba's system.  He proposed setting up a government watchdog agency that would report to the State Council that he heads, and set out a goal of reducing official travel and bonuses for officials, government leaders and workers. 

President Castro said that one of his high priorities for 2009 would be raising salaries and creating jobs for 180,000 people who neither work nor study.

You can read about Cuba's prospects for growth here and here and about Raúl Castro's call for austerity measures here and here.  The BBC reports on Cuba's economy here.

DIPLOMACY

We have previously reported that heads of government from Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico will visit Cuba in the first months of 2009 as part of President Raúl Castro's intensifying diplomacy with the region and the strategy to pressure the United States to end the embargo.

It was reported this week, that the Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Micheál Marti, will become the first Irish Minister to visit Cuba in an official capacity, according to the Irish Times

Also the Cuban News Agency is reporting that Ecuador's president, Rafael Correa, has once again called on the United States to remove the embargo against Cuba, in a congratulatory message on the island nation's fiftieth anniversary of its Revolution.  That account of President Correa's statement can be read here

CHANGE THE POLICY


The Sunday Telegraph, a British newspaper, quoted a Latin America adviser to President-elect Obama saying that the new administration will move "very quickly" after his inauguration on January 20 to make it easier for Cuban-Americans to visit and send money back to relatives in Cuba.

"Cubans will be less dependent on the state for money and they will have greater contact with their relatives in the U.S.  That can only aid understanding," the adviser said. 

The Telegraph reviewed Obama's commitment from the 2008 presidential campaign to repeal restrictions on Cuban-Americans.  But it goes on to say "Cuban experts expect him to negotiate to end the five-decade-long economic embargo during his first term in exchange for Cuba releasing political prisoners."  The full text of the article can be found here.

Other voices have reached a similar conclusion.  The Reuters news agency writes, "Five decades after Fidel Castro toppled a U.S.-backed dictator to take power in Cuba, the Cold War rivalry with Washington could be thawing as President-elect Barack Obama looks to ease sanctions against the communist-run island."

This report cites Obama's campaign pledge to loosen restrictions on Cuban-Americans, the changing political climate in Miami, and renewed activity among business interests to seek trade with Cuba, as the principal drivers for Obama to change the nation's foreign policy as regards Cuba.

The full text of the article can be read here.


In a letter released on Christmas Day, eighteen leaders from Christian denominations in the United States have urged President-elect Obama to take sweeping steps to change U.S. policy toward Cuba.  While they cite the "severe restrictions on religious travel" that have hindered, and in some cases blocked, church denominations, mission agencies, and ecumenical organizations from engaging with their Christian brethren in Cuba, the church leaders asked for a comprehensive overhaul of U.S. policy including:

  • Lifting restrictions on religious travel
  • Liberally granting visas for U.S. travel to Cuban pastors and other religious leaders
  • Lifting the ban on travel for all Americans
  • Ending the U.S. embargo on Cuba
Leaders signed the letter from the following denominations and organizations: Church World Service, National Council of Churches, Alliance of Baptists, American Baptist Churches of the USA, Christian Church in the United States and Canada, Church of the Brethren, The Episcopal Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church of America, Mennonite Central Committee U.S., Presbyterian Church (USA), Progressive National Baptist Convention, Reformed Church in America, United Church of Christ, and United Methodist Church.

A copy of the letter was also provided to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, the Secretary of State-designate.

The World Faith News story about the letter can be read here.


Last week, we reported on the media call hosted last week by the Center for Democracy in the Americas with Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro (CT-3rd District) and several Cuba policy experts. 

Media coverage of the phone call can be read here.  A transcript of the call can be read here.

Recommended reading:

In an editorial titled, "Cuba Embargo Didn't Work," The News-Leader, from central Virginia, published a tremendous editorial urging the administration to end the embargo, making a largely economic and foreign policy/image argument:

The Obama administration needs to have a foreign policy focused on making new friends instead of punishing old enemies with tired, worn out and failed policies of the past. It's time to say hello to our neighbors again and find a new market for our cars, electronics and tourism industry.

The full text can be read here.

In a Canadian publication, The Record, we suggest "Time for a Thaw in U.S.-Cuba relations," an editorial that urges President-elect Obama to make his promised changes in the rules regarding Cuban-Americans but urges him to go further to replace a policy it calls a failure.  It can be read here.

DeWayne Wickham, a columnist for USA TODAY, and a long-time critic of U.S.-Cuba policy, challenges Cuba and the United States to make the concessions needed that will bring their fifty-year conflict to an end.  His essay can be read here.

The essay offered by the Economist here, tough on the U.S. and Cuba, is titled "Time for a (long overdue) change".

This article from the on-line edition of the Progressive magazine issues a similar call.

Coming soon: 

In the next issue of Cigar Aficionado magazine, look for an important article by Peter Kornbluh and Bill Leo Grande, titled "Talking with Castro." 

In January 2009, the Center for Democracy in the Americas will publish our report, "9 Ways for US to Talk to Cuba and for Cuba to Talk to US."  A summary is available for download here.  We recruited a team of scholars and experts to offer their ideas for cooperation in military affairs, migration, energy, trade, academic exchange and other fields which could help the U.S. and Cuban governments develop relationships of confidence and trust that are vital for bringing this conflict to an end.

Request for donations:

The Center for Democracy in the Americas, and our Freedom to Travel campaign, benefit from the support we receive from foundations and private individuals.  We expect that their budgets and ours will be stressed by the current economic conditions which affect us all.   For any of our readers who are still looking for a place to make a donation at the end of this taxing year, let us encourage you to visit our website here.  We appreciate your generosity just as we hope that you appreciate our work.

Happy New Year!


The Cuba Central Team
www.democracyinamericas.org
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Center for Democracy in the Americas | PO Box 53106 NW | Washington | DC | 20009

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Dec. 31, 2008 - Cuban Weekly News Digest



 




Date: Wed, 31 Dec 2008 08:20:32 -0800

Cuban Weekly News Digest  -  "A compilation of news articles about Cuba, distributed since 1992 in order to encourage a balanced understanding of the Cuban situation and to promote investments in the Republic of Cuba"

Editor’s Note: Information on The Carbonera Club, Cuba

The Club is a luxury beachfront resort that will be built in Carbonera, Cuba. It is the first of its kind and offers the opportunity to own resort property in Cuba that will combine golf and luxury living. Located 40 minutes by car from Havana and 15 minutes from the existing tourist destination of Varadero, it is only 90 nautical miles south of the USA Florida Keys.

This low-density development, situated close to two airports, covers 170 hectares and will offer 720 properties for sale from private villas, 1 - 4 bedroom apartments and Conran residences. The Club will include a hotel & spa, a beach & watersport club, a tennis club, a PGADC 18-hole golf course and use of the yacht club and its marina. Sensitive treatment of the natural and cultural environment together with a creative mix of contemporary design and the highest quality materials will set the new standards for construction in the region, and will be the first of a series of developments brought to you by CGR (Cuban Golf Resorts) and forms part of a significant investment into Cuba.

The key points to remember are – it is an opportunity to own resort property in Cuba; residents will have a visa allowing a stay of up to 6 months per year, with no tax issues; properties may be purchased in the name of a company or Trust; construction will begin in 2009 and complete in 2011 and there is no tax on sale of property. The official Public offering to purchase property is early 2009. The Carbonera Club is a membership only club. Membership is a pre-requisite to buying property within the resort. Once accepted, members have the right to reserve and purchase property. Membership also brings immediate benefits such as access to the Xanadu Golf Course and the Marina in Varadero.

Editor Comment: If you have an interest in looking at these properties, email me and I will get a membership application sent to you.

HAVANACuba says its economy will grow 4.3 percent for the year, about half the original forecast, due to damage from hurricanes and the rising cost of food imports. The report by Economy Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez, during a meeting with lawmakers preparing for a weekend session of Cuba's parliament, was reported by government news media. He had projected 8 percent growth for 2008 last December. The state news agency Prensa Latina reported that Rodriguez said "structural changes" and investment in production are needed to revive the island's battered agricultural and industrial sectors.

"We can't keep consuming based on finances we haven't earned," Rodriguez was quoted as saying. He said Cuba "needs to increase its efficiency and productivity to create wealth before we spend it." Hurricanes Gustav, Ike and Paloma caused at least $10 billion in combined damaged this year, crippling infrastructure and food production and leaving tens of thousands of Cubans homeless. The government also has stressed the need to slash dependance on imported food, which cost the island about $2 billion in 2008. Cuba uses an unusual method of calculating gross domestic product, including state spending on free health care and education, as well as subsides for transportation and food rations. Critics say that inflates the figures that officially showed growth of 7.5 percent last year and 12.5 percent in 2006. The island's parliament meets only two weekends a year and its members usually unanimously approve measures put forward by the Communist Party and other top officials.

Havana – DTC - Cuban tourist authorities expect a record number of foreign tourists will visit the Caribbean island this year. According to estimates, conditions exist to break the record of 2.31 million foreign tourists in 2005. Preliminary statistics show that 2.15 million foreign vacationers had visited Cuba until December 8. So far, Canada remains the main sending market, reporting a 24.5-percent increase and some 800,000 tourists. Other major markets are Italy, Spain and Great Britain, and some 40,000 Russian tourists are expected to visit the island nation this year. Authorities noted that predictions are optimistic despite the damage caused by hurricanes that hit several Cuban provinces recently. As an example, they said that in Holguín alone, about 100 international flights were suspended due to the hurricanes.

HAVANA - (Reuters) - Against a backdrop of economic gloom and the frail health of former leader Fidel Castro, Cuba will mark on Thursday the 50th anniversary of the revolution that turned the island into a communist state and Cold War hot spot at the doorstep of the United States. President Raul Castro will speak in the eastern city of Santiago de Cuba from the same balcony where his older brother, Fidel Castro, proclaimed victory after dictator Fulgencio Batista fled the country in the early morning hours of January 1, 1959. The elder Castro, 82, in semi-seclusion since July 2006 after surgery for an undisclosed intestinal ailment, will not attend, officials said.

Due to his absence and the economic difficulties plaguing Cuba, what had been expected to be a major celebration of the revolution's longevity will be a no-frills event in a tree-shaded square with room for about only 3,000 people, the officials said. Concerts are planned throughout the country, with the major one in Havana where popular Cuban band Los Van Van will play at the Anti-Imperialist Tribunal in front of the U.S. Interests Section. The Interests Section was the embassy for the United States until it broke off diplomatic relations in January 1961 after U.S.-owned properties were nationalized by Fidel Castro.

Officials have said this was not a time for lavish celebration because Cuba is struggling from the effects of three hurricanes this year that caused $10 billion in damages, as well as the global financial crisis. Government leaders gave a gloomy assessment of the economy last week, telling the National Assembly the country's trade and budget deficits had ballooned due to rising import costs and falling prices for exports. Raul Castro called for more belt-tightening and an end to handouts he said discouraged people from working. "The victory of the 1st of January did not mark the end of the struggle, but the start of a new stage," he said. "There has not been a minute of respite during the past half century."

Should he not show up, Fidel Castro's absence will raise new speculation about his condition, to which many believe Cuba's future is closely linked. Although he has not been seen in public for 2-1/2 years, he still has a behind-the-scenes presence in the government and a public voice via opinion columns he writes regularly. He remains a world figure who made his name thumbing his nose at the United States, just 90 miles away, and forging close ties with its Cold War enemy, the Soviet Union. Many Cubans believe that as long as Fidel Castro is alive, his more pragmatic brother will not be able to reform the Cuban economy or political system in a meaningful way. Others doubt Raul Castro wants to make many changes and that early reforms he implemented, such as opening computer and cell phone sales to Cubans, were meant chiefly to gain favor with Cubans skeptical he could fill his brother's shoes.

Cuba's revolution arrives at its 50th anniversary in a time of transition. Fidel Castro is on the sidelines after ruling Cuba for 49 years and his archenemy, the United States, may be on the verge of change in its Cuba policy. President-elect Barack Obama, who replaces President George W. Bush on January 20, has said he wants to ease the 46-year-old U.S. trade embargo toward Cuba, is open to talks with Cuban leaders and will consider steps toward normalizing relations. Both Castros have warily said talks were possible. Changes are not just occurring at the top.

In Cuba, people, especially the young, clamor increasingly for an end to five decades of economic hardship and see improved U.S.-Cuba relations as a way out. In the United States, a recent poll showed that for the first time a majority of Cuban-Americans in Miami, center of the Cuban exile world and anti-Castro sentiment, favor ending the embargo. As Raul Castro told the National Assembly, "We are living in a radically different period of history."

Trinidad & Tobago News - A fairly well-looking Prime Minister Patrick Manning surprised the national community with his premature return home (weeks ahead of the scheduled January 3), following successful surgery a week ago to remove a cancerous tumour from his right kidney in Cuba. Further testimony to how well he appeared to be doing was his ability to come straight from Piarco to host a news conference at the Diplomatic Centre in St Ann's, chirping as he entered: "Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I am back." Dressed not in his usual business suit, but in a blue shirt and black pants, Manning's movements were fluid and bore no hint of a man in pain or discomfort. His steps were measured and deliberate and his responses to questions reflected the usual sharpness and wit.

And the Prime Minister showed unprecedented openness, when he raised his shirt to display his surgical scar at the end of the news conference. With only the President, George Maxwell Richards, acting Prime Minister, Dr Lenny Saith, and Chairman of the PNM, Conrad Enill, knowing of his plan to return home, Manning (and wife, Senator Hazel Manning) touched down at Piarco International Airport with his Cuban doctor, urologist Dr Javier Rivero, and the head nurse who attended to him. "To ensure that all was well", both doctor and nurse travelled with Manning on an aircraft owned by the government of Cuba (which allowed the Prime Minister to travel lying down on a bed). They, along with a translator provided by the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs, were expected to return to Cuba last evening. Also present was the Cuban ambassador.

Manning had been scheduled to leave Cuba around 9 o' clock yesterday morning, but President Raul Castro was waiting to see him at the airport and this led to a "very interesting meeting". The flight did not leave Havana until after 10 o'clock as a consequence. Manning revealed that he has always received medical attention in Cuba free of charge. Apart from free annual medical check-ups, in 1998 he had major heart surgery (to replace his valves), in 2004 he had laser surgery on his eyes and a pace-maker installed.

But Manning stressed that no questions of integrity arose as a result of this freeness, which came out of "state-to-state relations and this is the way that States choose to treat with each other". Manning thanked the people of Trinidad and Tobago for the tremendous outpouring and the wishes for a speedy recovery, which "I ensure you has taken place...though I am not completely recovered. I need a period of convalescence. I would do that quietly here... and should be back in service not too long from now". The PM has to return to Cuba every three months for check-ups over the next year. Manning said the Government of Cuba has a programme of medical assistance for the rest of the Caribbean. He said he has begun to think of how Trinidad and Tobago could maximise the current arrangement under which Cuban doctors and nurses work here. He said he wants to examine more closely the idea of getting more expertise from Cuba in the field of medicine.

Havana – DTC - The Sancti Spiritus-Trinidad tourist destination, in central Cuba, has the infrastructure necessary to meet the growing demand from foreign vacationers during the ongoing peak season. Local tourist authorities pointed out that the region offers 1,280 hotel rooms, in addition to historical, cultural and natural attractions. First-class hotels such as Brisas Trinidad del Mar, Grand Hotel Iberostar Trinidad, Villa de Recreo María Dolores, Club Amigo Ancón, Costa Sur and Cubanacán Las Cuevas are available in Trinidad, which was declared a Humankind Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The region's tourist options are complemented by dozens of restaurants run by the group Palmares, among other offers. Vacationers can also visit Valle de los Ingenios (the Sugar Mill's Valley), where dozens of sugar factories contributed to the city's economic splendor in the 19th centuries.

Los Angeles Times - Reporting from Havana - A country that shunned Christmas for decades is now looking to cash in on the holiday season, promoting an online shopping site designed to let Cubans overseas buy products, including flowers and flat-screen TVs, for delivery to relatives in the island nation. Grupo Excelencias, based in Spain, teamed with Cuba's communist government to create MallHabana.com, which offers prices in U.S. dollars and says it can deliver products within 24 hours to homes in Havana and get purchases to even the country's most remote addresses within three weeks. "It's a good business, but it's also a way for Cubans [overseas] to help their family members here," said Sergio Perez, the Havana director of the Spanish-language site.

It also appears to be a direct challenge to U.S. legal limits on shipping funds to Cuba or spending money here. Dozens of the products listed are made in Cuba -- such as Havana Club rum and guayabera shirts. Others are imports already stocked by upscale government-run stores, such as 29-inch Panasonic TVs or crunchy peanut butter from Canada.
The site was created in August 2006, but Cuba's government has been promoting it heavily during the Christmas season.

Cuba officially canceled Christmas as a holiday in 1966 and long discouraged citizens from openly celebrating it. But, the Communist Party temporarily reinstated Dec. 25 as a holiday in 1998 after Pope John Paul II's visit, and schools, government offices and businesses have begun routinely to close on Christmas in recent years. This holiday season, baggers and cashiers at state boutiques are passing out copper-hued business cards bearing the MallHabana.com Web address and the slogan, "Your Friendly Purchases," to shoppers in Havana, hoping to entice purchases from visiting exiles. The cards attracted so much attention that the luxury Palco supermarket on Havana's western outskirts quickly ran out. The store sells expensive, mostly imported, goods to foreign diplomats, tourists and Cubans lucky enough to have hard currency.

Perez said the website has 20,000 registered customers and generates "millions of dollars annually" in sales, though he declined to give specifics. Payment requires a non-U.S. credit card -- a rarity among Cubans in the United States -- or direct money transfers to Excelencias' Spanish accounts. Customers can also purchase U.S. money orders and ship them to company representatives in Canada, Perez said. Such transactions would seemingly violate Washington's nearly 50-year-old trade embargo, which generally prohibits most Americans and U.S. residents from doing business with this country and buying products of Cuban origin. The restrictions can even apply to third-country companies that operate in Cuba.

A U.S. Treasury Department spokesman declined to comment specifically on the MallHabana.com case. But Ninoska Perez Castellon, a Miami radio and TV host, said U.S. authorities have shut down similar such websites based outside Cuba in the past, and she expects that U.S. authorities will take similar action this time. "Apparently they think they can violate the law. It's really pathetic," said Perez Castellon, a member of the Cuban Liberty Council, an exile group that opposes Fidel Castro and the Cuban government. "It's the law, it's clear and they are violating it." But back in Havana, Sergio Perez maintained that the site was doing nothing wrong. "The company is Spanish, and the United States can't do anything," said Perez, who is not related to Perez Castellon. "Anyway, we carefully guard the information of our registered clients." The site features a limited range of products at what Americans would consider sky-high prices. The first item listed under "computing" is a set of eight crayons. Further down the page, a Dell computer that would retail for about $450 in the U.S. is offered "on sale" for $1,424. Imported products in Cuba are routinely marked up to more than twice their retail value overseas, however.

Havana – DTC - The ophthalmological project known as Operation Miracle has benefited Cuban patients all over the country. That is the case of western Pinar del Río province, where some 23,000 patients have undergone eye surgery over the past two years. According to experts, patients have access to modern diagnostic methods and surgical treatments, which guarantee their rapid recovery. The main problems treated are cataracts, refractive defects, strabismus, retinitis pigmentosa, pterigium and glaucoma. The implementation of Operation Miracle in Pinar del Río began in 2006, when the broad sector of the local population was tested to diagnose visual problems. Surgery is performed in seven hospitals and polyclinics in the province, as well as in an Ophthalmological Center that was inaugurated in 2007.

Granma Intl. – Havana - Ricardo Alarcón, president of the National Assembly of People’s Power, has condemned the U.S. administration for promoting illegality and social indiscipline in Cuba through its Helms Burton Act. "Our nation is the only one in which the most powerful nation on the planet is striving to encourage dissolution, vice and social disobedience, Alarcón stated during an event to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the People’s Supreme Court and the Attorney General of the Republic, which took place at the Astral movie theater. He clarified that socialism cannot coexist with these immoralities which, although they are not comparable in terms of magnitude with those predominating throughout the world, have to be eradicated so as not to lose the continuity of a project that dates back to the origins of the Cuban nation.

He reiterated his condemnation of the corruption linked to the five Cubans imprisoned in U.S. jails, who received excessive sentences for monitoring counterrevolutionary organizations working in South Florida with the backing of the U.S. authorities. He emphasized the arbitrary nature of the trial of Antonio Guerrero, Fernando González, Gerardo Hernández, Ramón Labañino and René González and the fact that their case was rejected by the 11th Circuit Appeals Court of Atlanta last September.

During the event, founding members of this sector were acknowledged for their work and a special tribute was made to Manuel Urrutia Bernal, current judge for the City of Havana, for 50 years of dedicated labor. Alarcón; Pedro Sáez, member of the Political Bureau and first secretary of the Party in the capital; María Esther Reus, minister of justice; Juan Escalona, director of public prosecutions in the capital; and Rubén Remigio Ferro, president of the People’s Supreme Court, congratulated those who received tributes. In this way, the Cuban judicial sector celebrated the creation of the General Attorney of the Republic and the People’s Supreme Court on December 23, 1973, which also coincides with the 132nd anniversary of the birth of Major General of the Liberation Army, jurist Ignacio Agramonte y Loynaz.

Havana – DTC - Cuba is repairing the country's road infrastructure to improve cargo and passenger transportation. In order to achieve that goal, 50 million dollars was invested in acquiring the equipment necessary to create one specialized brigade in each province. In addition, four plants equipped with cutting-edge technology were bought to produce high-quality asphalt. Two of the plants will supply asphalt to pave Havana's avenues and streets, and two mobile plants will operate in central and eastern Cuba. The strategy also includes the remodeling of two ships to carry liquid asphalt and facilities to monitor the quality of the materials used in the projects.

HAVANA - (Reuters) - Cuba's trade deficit soared by nearly 70 percent, or an estimated $5 billion, in 2008 due mainly to rising prices for imports such as food and oil and falling prices for nickel, its main export, official media said. Foreign Trade Minister Raul de la Nuez said in a speech to parliament deputies that imports surged 43.8 percent while exports grew just 2.1 percent. The news follows reports that Cuba, battered by three hurricanes and the global financial crisis, is facing a cash crunch that is forcing it to seek debt restructuring with various countries and companies and delay cash transfers for payments abroad.

"Dealing with the trade balance is a strategic issue for the country's economic survival," Ricardo Cabrisas, vice president of the Council of Ministers in charge of international economic relations, told the meeting. Granma gave no figures for 2008, but estimates based on the numbers from de la Nuez and data for 2007 would place imports at $16.1 billion and exports at $4.4 billion, leaving a deficit of $11.7 billion.

That would be an increase of $4.8 billion, or 69.5 percent, over official figures for 2007, that showed a deficit of $6.9 billion, with exports totaling $4.3 billion and imports $11.2 billon. The government reports foreign exchange data in the convertible peso which it pegs at $1.08. President Raul Castro, who formally replaced older brother Fidel Castro as president in February, has been warning for several months Cuba would have to tighten its belt due to rising international prices for food and fuel that had pushed up the cost of imports. The global financial crisis has made it difficult for Cuba to get credit to purchase imports, which include 60 percent of its food.

Over the last few years Cuba has helped pay for its trade deficit, which is a measure of goods bought and sold, through revenue from tourism and service exports, mainly for health and education to oil-rich ally Venezuela. Three hurricanes struck the island starting in late August, causing an estimated $10 billion in damages. Nickel prices have plummeted worldwide amid rising production and falling demand to between $10,000 and $15,000 per tonne from a high of around $50,000 in 2007. Cuba reported a debt of $17.8 billion and current account balance of payments surplus of $527 million in 2007, based on $9 billion in service exports. But tourism revenues were expected to increase by just a few hundred million dollars this year and there was no mention by the media on Friday of a significant increase in other service exports, all but ensuring a big deficit in this year's current account balance of payments.

HAVANA - (AFP) – Cuban President Raul Castro met with the head of a flotilla of Russian navy ships touring Cuba, the first such visit to the Soviet-era ally since the end of the Cold War. Russian Vice Admiral Vladimir Koraliov commanded the flotilla, which included destroyer Admiral Chabanenko and two support vessels. The warships arrived in Havana  as part of a Latin American tour that included stops with US foes Venezuela and Nicaragua, and saw the ships pass through the Panama Canal for the first time since World War II. It was the first visit by Russian warships to Cuba since 1991 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a staunch military, economic and political ally to Cuba for 30 years.

The meeting took place "in an environment of friendship ... that characterizes relations between the people, governments and armed forces" of Cuba and Russia, according to a statement read on state-controlled television. Also at the meeting were Cuba's most senior military brass, as well as Moscow's envoy to Havana. Russian warships -- including the nuclear-powered cruiser Peter the Great -- conducted joint exercises with Venezuelan navy vessels in the Caribbean during the tour. The visit close to US waters is seen as a response to Washington's own moves in areas Russia deems within its sphere of influence, including in the Black Sea. US officials have said they see no military threat from Russia's maneuvers. The visit comes three weeks after Russian President Medvedev met Castro in Havana in a Latin American tour designed to revive what he called "privileged relations" from Soviet times.

Havana – DTC - Cuban authorities have invested millions in the development of the transportation sector. According to experts, 280 million dollars have been spent since 2005, when the reactivation of the sector began, to import buses for public transportation. They noted that 2,678 such buses were bought in China, Russia and Belarus, adding that 789 buses arrived in Cuba in 2008, in addition to 248 second-hand buses that are running in Havana and Santiago de Cuba. As a result of that initiative, passenger transportation will increase six percent this year, at an average of more than one million passengers a day in Havana. Regarding cargo transportation, achievements have been made in the railroad sector, in which investment were made to acquire 52 modern locomotives.

Havana - (Prensa Latina) - Cuban ministries and institutions started to account to Parliament, the permanent committees of which already completed discussions prior to the Second Ordinary Period of its Seventh Legislature. Ministries of Foreign Trade and Domestic Trade are to open this process to inform delegates of the National Assembly of the People's Power (Parliament). On Wednesday, the Parliament committees on Economic Affairs and Constitutional and Legal Issues approved the Social Security report to be subject to vote in plenary session on Saturday. President of Parliament Ricardo Alarcon took part in the meeting and ratified that the Cuban State guarantees social security of the people. He explained that this positive step is taken as millions of people are losing social and economic support worldwide due to the global crisis. This is a bill that envisages rights for all, while many people in Latin America and many other parts of the world lack those rights and lack access to health care and education, Alarcon stressed.

Havana – DTC - Cargo vehicles used in the construction sector will be modernized in the central Cuban province of Cienfuegos. The Empresa de Soluciones Mecánicas is creating the conditions to improve efficiency in the exploitation of those vehicles. Modern cabins and powerful engines will be complemented by new bearing systems and tires, thus guaranteeing the repair and maintenance of the vehicles. The goal is to improve the equipment and save up to 15 percent in resources, as there is no need to import the whole vehicle. The initiative is part of an agreement between Cuba and Ukraine to rehabilitate 480 Kras trucks over the next three years.

Caracas - (Prensa Latina) - Experts from the Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) will meet on January 8 in Caracas to analyze a proposal for a common currency, Venezuelan Finance Minister Ali Rodriguez informed. The minister said that after the first exchanges, the experts consider the dollar an element of the world crisis, which underlines the need for a common currency. Interviewed by the local Vive-TV channel, Rodriguez explained currency is a means of exchange, but when it is not represented by real values, it drops. Considering the current world crisis, he added, different regions are seeking formulas to replace the dollar as unit of reference for world trade. The Venezuelan minister believes that entails the creation of a universal currency and a World Central Bank to end with the one-country factor and boost the value of currencies in the rest of the world. ALBA, made up of Bolivia, Dominica, Honduras, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, takes those processes into consideration and assumes the need to have a currency that facilitates exchange in Latin America.

Havana – DTC - The Dutch company, Nirint Shipping, is consolidating its operations in Cuba in order to meet the growing demand from local clients. The multipurpose ships of the Rotterdam-based company carry Cuban nickel from the Caribbean Island to several destinations. The company, which also transports plants for major industrial projects in Cuba, has a network of firms that operate in the maritime transportation sector and carry dry and liquid cargo, containers and buses, among others. Nirint Shipping operates a fleet of four multipurpose ships – one of which is exclusively dedicated to the enlargement project in Moa – and the others operate in the regular line from Cuba to Europe and Canada.

Havana – (Prensa Latina) - At least nine Cuban provinces, out of the 13 sugar producing provinces, are currently immersed in sugarcane harvest, with 14 sugar refineries already working, an official source asserted Monday. Provinces involved are Matanzas, Villa Clara, Las Tunas, Cienfuegos, Camagüey, Granma, Santiago de Cuba, Guantanamo and Havana City, the head of the Office of the Institutional Communication of the Ministry of Sugar (MINAZ) Liobel Perez told Prensa Latina. The last to join the harvest is Havana City, which began with the starting up of the Manuel Fajardo sugar refinery, in Quivican, 37 miles south of the capital. The provinces of Pinar del Rio and Holguin will join this sugar campaign before the current month ends, while Sancti Spiritus and Ciego de Avila will follow suit in January, Perez announced.

Havana – DTC - Three Cubans are among Latin America's top ten athletes in 2008, according to the survey that the news agency Prensa Latina carries out every year. The poll, which involved 93 media organizations, included Dayron Robles (athletics), Mijaín López (Greco-Roman wrestling) and Leinier Domínguez (chess). According to experts, Robles, Olympic and world champion in the 110-meter hurdles, is also the favorite to be Cuba's athlete of the year. Robles, who won the gold medal at the Beijing Olympic Games, set a world record this year and clocked less than 13 seconds on seven occasions. The other Cubans who have a chance to be among Latin America's top ten athletes are Yipsi Moreno (hammer), two-time Olympic silver medalist in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008, and Yarelis Barrios (discus), silver medalist in Beijing.

Pinar del Rio - (Prensa Latina) - Cuban cigars are present in 150 nations specially in America, assured TABACUBA firm President Oscar Basulto Torrez in Pinar del Rio. At the end of a plenary presided over by the Agriculture Minister Ulises Rosales del Toro, the leader also highlighted that there are 136 Havana Cigar Firms which show preference of this Cuban product. The industry in the island is conditioned to satisfy the different markets' demands and emphasized that tobacco leaf is used through the premium natural mechanized project while 24 percent of the world production is Cuban. He emphasized large efforts of post-hurricane construction workers and the trust given by farmers who are already growing tobacco plants. The campaign has gained progress and it could not be possible without unity for a good harvest despite the disastrous storms.

Havana – DTC - Cuban composer Harold Gramatges, a prominent musician in Latin America, died in this capital at the age of 90. During his career, Gramatges composed classical and incidental music for films and television. Some of his works were inspired in texts by prominent Spanish poets such as Góngora, Juan Ramón Jiménez and Rafael Alberti, and some others were dedicated to prima ballerina assoluta Alicia Alonso and the National Ballet of Cuba. He won several prizes, including the 1996 Tomás Luis de Victoria Ibero-American Music Award, and the 2002 National Music Award granted by the Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (UNEAC). Gramatges studied composition with US musician Aaron Copland at The Berkschire Music Center in Tanglewood, Massachusetts, and took classes of orchestra direction from Serge Koussevitzky.

Matanzas, Cuba - (Prensa Latina) - Tobacco and citrus fruit crops of the western province of Matanzas will be rewarded with good results in both export items, according to an official report released here. According to the document collection of the leaf whose harvest should conclude early in January surpass the 27 tons of 2008 that are used for the covering of the famous puros and will be tasted in foreign markets. The source pointed out that reaching the end of the grapefruit harvest, citrus farmers and rapidly collecting oranges and this should result in 200,000 tons. This campaign is developed in the areas of the Empresa Victoria de Giron, about 180 kilometers to the south of Havana, and is the largest of its kind in the country.

For the past years its fields have been affected by the passing of hurricanes. Most of the fruit, the report informs – is used for concentrated juices for export and the rest is sold in the tourism network and the internal market. Varadero,in the northern coast of Matanzas, is the most important Cuban sea resort with 53 hotels and 17,000 accommodations for the so-called “smokeless industry.” Another important crop for the country, potato, registers delays in planting due to heavy rains this year and requires additional efforts of the directors, technicians and producers working in this field. Matanzas occupies first place in high volumes of the potato that is also sent to other regions of the country.

Havana – DTC - Cuba's most famous recording house, EGREM, will launch a CD containing percussion music. The company is working on the CD "Fiesta de Tambores" (Drum Party), which will contain the most famous works by late musician Tata Güines, who was one of Cuba's best percussionists. The CD's 25 tracks include "Descarga Cubana", "Scherezada Chachachá", "Sasauma", "Perico No Llores Más", "Mami, Dame Mantecao", "Guaguancó a Todos los Barrios" and "Tata Se Ha Vuelto Loco". It also includes "Dale Tres Golpes a la Tumba", "Pa Gozar", "Especial del Bebo", "La Mulata Rumbera", "Estudio de Trompeta", "Fiesta de Tambores" and "Gandinga". According to experts, Tata Güines was a very good percussionist who performed with several bands, including the National Symphonic Orchestra.

HAVANA - (AP) - More than 400 Cubans of Spanish ancestry mobbed that country's stately embassy in Havana on Monday, waiting to apply for citizenship under the newly enacted "law of grandchildren." Spain has begun accepting citizenship applications from the descendants of people who went into exile after its brutal 1936-39 Civil War, part of a 2007 law meant to address the painful legacy of the conflict and the ensuing right wing dictatorship of Gen. Francisco Franco. But a new provision approved Friday also allows anyone whose parents or grandparents were born in Spain but went overseas because of their political beliefs or economic hardship to become Spaniards. Those accepted do not have to renounce their current citizenship.

Officials in Madrid have estimated that as many as half a million people worldwide could be eligible to become citizens, although it is unclear how many of those are in Cuba. Some 300,000 people in Argentina alone may qualify. Spanish authorities have asked applicants to use the Internet to set up a consular appointment, and most potential Spanish citizens in countries outside of Cuba were going online instead of heading to their local embassy. There were a few dozen people lined up at the Spanish Embassy in Mexico City. But that was nothing compared to the tangled and disorganized clumps of would-be Spanish citizens that stretched across a busy avenue and engulfed a small park in Havana, because access to the Web is tightly controlled in this country.

Miguel Carpio, a 52-year-old office worker, said his sister in Miami used the Internet to secure a consular appointment, but he had no choice but to wait in line. "Maybe we can all see each other there in Spain some day," he said. Even those who receive Spanish citizenship must wait for permission from the Cuban government to travel abroad, a process that is often slow and arduous. Carpio says he has no plans to emigrate — at least for now. "I'm just thinking of visiting," he said. "But having the option is very valuable." Norberto Luis Diaz, 38, was the first person in Cuba to be approved for citizenship under the new provisions. A Spanish consular official signed the forms authorizing his passport, and Diaz excitedly hugged his family members moments later.

"I have more Spanish blood than Cuban blood because almost 75 percent of my genes are Spanish," said Diaz, whose grandfather arrived in Cuba in the early 1900s and married a fellow Spanish exile just to be sure he preserved his homeland's citizenship. Diaz is a cardiologist who began applying for permission to travel to Spain in 2002. Because many Cuban health care workers have to wait six years for approval to head abroad for extended periods, official Cuban permission to leave only came last week, days before the law took affect — making him the first Cuban eligible. He said he plans to stay in Spain for several months and has already inquired about practicing medicine there, but will one day return to Cuba. "This is my homeland, too," Diaz said.

Because his application was already being processed, he avoided the monstrous line outside the colonial-style embassy, situated off tree-lined Paseo del Prado Boulevard between central Havana and the capital's historic Old Town. The embassy was only open until 4 p.m., and most people in line had no hope of being seen Monday. Many began to arrange for family members to hold their place night and day for as long as it takes. One of those who reached the front was 79-year-old Yolanda Ruiz — but only because she began waiting Sunday at midday. Relatives waited in shifts for her all night. "I'm very excited about seeing my 18 cousins scattered around there," Ruiz said of a possible trip to Spain.

Havana - (EFE) - Cuba's economy minister said the communist-ruled island's industry and agriculture need structural changes to meet the goal of amassing sufficient international reserves to cope with contingencies such as the current global financial crisis. Jose Luis Rodriguez told members of parliament that the Cuban economy must become more productive and efficient, the official Prensa Latina news agency reported. Addressing Cuba's substantial current-account deficit, the minister blamed this year's 53 percent increase in international oil prices - though prices have since fallen sharply - and a doubling in food prices. He also pointed to a decline in the prices of nickel, Cuba's main export, and to the estimated $10 billion in damage caused by the three hurricanes that battered the island in August, September and November.

Also present for the session with legislators were Agriculture Minister Ulises Rosales del Toro and the minister of Basic Industry, Yadira Garcia Vera. Rosales del Toro said that restoring agricultural production to pre-hurricane levels and cutting food imports were the top priorities for his ministry. Cuba imports approximately 80 percent of the food consumed by its 11.2 million inhabitants and had expected to spend $2 billion on food imports this year even before the devastation wrought by the storms. More than half of Cuba's arable land currently lies idle, and one of President Raul Castro's major initiatives since formally succeeding ailing older brother Fidel 10 months ago has been to make more land available to individual farmers and cooperatives.

Predicting that 2009 would be "a difficult year" for Cuba, Basic Industry chief Garcia said the island needs to mobilize alternative sources of energy. Cuba, which consumes roughly 180,000 barrels of oil per day, produces some 65,000 bpd of heavy, high-sulfur crude that is used mainly to generate electricity. The island receives around 100,000 bpd from oil-rich Venezuela at concessionary prices and the leftist government in Caracas allows its ally to pay for part of the crude with the services of Cuban medical personnel and educators working on projects in the Andean nation. While showing no signs that he intends to loosen the Communist Party's grip on power, Raul Castro has moved to overhaul Cuba's creaking economy and is seen as much more pragmatic and flexible than Fidel, who was sidelined by illness in July 2006.

Performance-linked pay is one of the characteristic features of the "enterprise perfection" model that Gen. Raul Castro, then serving as defense minister, established more than 20 years ago in state companies managed by the armed forces and is now seeking to introduce across the Cuban economy. For a time during the 1990s the general was even sending military officers to European business schools to prepare them for running state enterprises, but Fidel Castro eventually pulled the plug on his younger brother's reforms.

BBC News – Havana - As Cuba prepares to celebrate the 50th anniv

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Algunos viejos chistes pero todos comicos, para tu coleccion

 
 
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Le dice la madre a la hija:      
'Mija... dicen las vecinas que te estás acostando con tu novio!'
'Ay, mami, la gente es más chismosa....
Uno se acuesta con cualquiera y ya dicen que es el novio...'
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
' ¡María, tu marido se va a tirar por la ventana!'
'¡Dile al tarado ese que le puse cuernos, no alas!'
-----------------------------------
'Carmen, ¿estás enferma?... Te lo pregunto porque he visto salir a un médico de tu casa esta mañana...'
- 'Mira, vieja, ayer por la mañana yo vi salir a un militar de la tuya y no por eso estás en guerra, ¿verdad?'
-----------------------------------

- Dígame.. ¿Cuál es el motivo por el quiere divorciarse de su esposo?
- Mi marido me trata como si fuera un perro.
- ¿La maltrata, le pega?
- No, Quiere que le sea fiel....
---------------------------------------------
 
Un ladrón le grita a otro, en medio de un asalto:
- ¡Viene la policía!
- ¿Y ahora qué hacemos?
- ¡Saltemos por la ventana!
- ¡Pero si estamos en el piso 13!
- ¡Este no es momento para supersticiones!
---------------------------------------------
En una fiesta se acerca un mesero a ofrecerle más whisky a una muchacha:
- Madame, ¿gusta otra copa?
- No, gracias, me hace daño para las piernas.
- ¿Se le adormecen?
- No, se me abren!
--------------------------------------------------------
Una joven rebelde muy liberada, entra en un bar completamente desnuda. Se para frente al cantinero y le dice:
- Deme una cerveza bien helada!
El cantinero se queda mirándola sin moverse.
- ¿Qué pasa? -dice ella- Nunca ha visto a una mujer desnuda???
- ¡Muchas veces!
¿¿¿Y entonces qué mira???
¡Quiero ver de dónde va a sacar el dinero para pagar la cerveza!
--------------------------------------------------------
Un pasajero le toca el hombro al taxista para hacerle una pregunta.
El taxista grita, pierde el control del coche, casi choca con un camión, se sube a la acera y se mete en un escaparate haciendo pedazos los vidrios.
Por un momento no se oye nada en el taxi, hasta que el taxista dice:
- 'Mire amigo, jamás haga eso otra vez! Casi me mata del susto!'
El pasajero le pide disculpas y le dice:
- 'No pensé que se fuera a asustar tanto si le tocaba el hombro'
El taxista le dice:
- 'Lo que pasa es que es mi primer día de trabajo como taxista'
- ¿Y qué hacía antes?
- Fui chofer de carroza funeraria durante 25 años'
--------------------------------------------------------
Se encuentran dos chinos:
- 'El otlo día me comple un coche.'
- 'Ah si?'
- 'Si, mila, es ese de ahí.'
- 'Y que malca es?'
- 'Un Alfa'
- '¿Lomeo?'
- 'Lo meas y te lompo el alma, pol cochino'
--------------------------------------------------------
EL NOVIO LE DICE A LA NOVIA EN SU NOCHE DE BODAS: MI AMOR, PERO TU NO ERES VIRGEN !!
Y ELLA RESPONDE: NI TU SAN JOSÉ, NI VINIMOS A ARMAR UN PESEBRE, ¿Cierto, amor?..
--------------------------------------------------------
? LOBO, POR QUÉ TIENES ESA FRENTE TAN SUDADA, LOS OJOS TAN AJUSTADOS Y ESOS DIENTES TAN APRETADOS
COÑO CAPERUCITA, DÉJAME CAGAR TRANQUILO ¿YA?
Comparte hasta 500 fotos en un solo email con Windows Live

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"Eres nieto de españoles?" Nota de la BBC


 
Nota de BBCMundo.com:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7805000/7805543.stm


"Soy nieta de españoles"

Fernando Ravsberg
BBC Mundo, La Habana


Miles de cubanos acuden a los consulados de España a lo largo de toda la isla para recoger los formularios de solicitud de ciudadanía, entregados a los nietos de españoles que, a partir de ahora, tendrán derecho a la doble nacionalidad. En entrevista concedida a la BBC, el cónsul general de España en Cuba, Pablo Barrios, explicó que la entrega de estos formularios responde a la ley de "Memoria Histórica", que fue aprobada hace un año y se puso en aplicación este 29 de diciembre.

"Partimos de la idea de reparar la deuda que tenemos con los españoles que emigraron y también saldar la deuda con los hijos y nietos de los que sufrieron persecución a raíz de la guerra y de la dictadura", declaró el diplomático.

Cientos de miles de latinoamericanos podrían acogerse a esta medida, en el caso de Cuba, el cónsul Barrios calcula que en tres años podrían recibir alrededor de 300.000 solicitudes de las cuales serán aprobadas aproximadamente la mitad.

Después de Argentina, Cuba es el país con mayor cantidad de solicitantes potenciales, la explicación está en la gran inmigración que se produjo en los primeros 36 años del siglo XX, fueron más de 700.000 los españoles que llegaron en esa época.

La cola frente al Consulado se inició el viernes, tres días antes de que comenzaran a atender, y el proceso avanza con rapidez, "llegaron más de 80.000 formularios de solicitud desde Madrid los hemos repartido y todavía habrá que repartir muchos más", nos explica el cónsul Pablo Barrios.

"Es muy bueno"


Entre las personas que esperaban para recoger los formularios encontramos las razones más variadas, sin embargo la mayoría de los entrevistados ven en la ciudadanía española la posibilidad de poder viajar libremente por el mundo. "Vengo a averiguar cómo son las cosas porque soy nieta de españoles, quiero poder viajar, visitar a mi familia en España y este es el modo más fácil de poder viajar", dijo a la BBC Elena Eyea Martínez, mientras hacia la cola para recoger su formulario.

Georgina Salas con los formularios en las manos aseguró que "yo vengo a buscar las solicitudes porque tengo derecho como nieta de españoles. Me gustaría mucho ir, de hecho yo tengo una hija allí estudiando, en Barcelona".

"Es muy bueno que nos den esta posibilidad de viajar, yo no puedo decir que me vaya a gustar porque no conozco España pero quiero probar", expresó Pablo Hernández, un veinteañero que esperaba en la cola desde muy temprano.

"Yo no quisiera vivir allá pero me gustaría poder ir y venir, es que tengo una hija en las Islas Canarias. Sí, me gustaría tener esa libertad, poder tener mi documento que me permita viajar libremente pero vivir acá", dijo Alberto Paz.

Marta Melendreras, hija de asturianos nos dice que "tengo muchos deseos de ir a Asturias de visita y si puedo quedarme allá" mientras su amiga, Hilda García, expresa con un suspiro su deseo: "toda la vida he soñado con vivir allá, ¡qué lindo!".

Camilo Pérez, quien ya consiguió la ciudadanía, nos explica que ésta le permite recibir una ayuda anual -400 euros- y "además viajar a muchos países, incluso a los Estados Unidos porque hay un convenio con la Unión Europea".

La española Catalina Salazar se acerca a preguntarnos la razón de tanta cola -paradójicamente sus padres son nacidos en Cuba-. Ella apoya "cualquier medida de reunificación familiar" pero agrega que "habría que garantizarles también un puesto de trabajo. Si no, van a estar igual de pobres".

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Feliz Navidad!!!!

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Feliz Navidad y Prospero Año Nuevo!

 
 
Hola!
 
Lo mejor del mundo para ti y los tuyos en esta Navidad y en el proximo 2009.
 
Perdona la ausencia de las ultimas semanas, es que el cierre del año me ha caido encima con demasiado trabajo y no he tenido tiempo de escribir.
 
Espero que la pases bien en las vacaciones. Yo salgo de viaje mañana y regreso el dia 7 de enero. No estare revisando mi email durante este tiempo.
 
Un saludo grande
 
Ignacio

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Special Offer: Air Europa - London Havana (via Madrid) £470.00 (inc taxes)

Special Offer:  Air Europa - London Havana (via Madrid) £470.00 (inc taxes)
 
(Cuban passport holders must have visa for Madrid)
 
Departures between 20 Jan and 31March
 
Must book and pay by 20December

£470.00 pp including taxes
 
Luggage allowance 2pieces @ 23kgs per piece.
 

Contact Marguerite below - Please pass this round
 
Marguerite Caris Manzano
TRANS ATLANTIC WINGS
Telephone/Fax : (44) (0)1798 812 835

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Tomado del Miami Herald hoy - La terrible catástrofe del pueblo cubano


 
Publicado el sábado 13 de deciembre del 2008

La terrible catástrofe del pueblo cubano

CARLOS ALBERTO MONTANER

"¿Cómo vamos a decir: ésta es nuestra patria, si de la patria no tenemos nada? Mi patria, pero mi patria no me da nada, mi patria no me sostiene, en mi patria me muero de hambre. ¡Eso no es patria! Será patria para unos cuantos, pero no será patria para el pueblo (APLAUSOS). Patria no sólo quiere decir un lugar donde uno pueda gritar, hablar y caminar sin que lo maten; patria es un lugar donde se puede vivir, patria es un lugar donde se puede trabajar y ganar el sustento honradamente y, además, ganar lo que es justo que se gane por su trabajo (APLAUSOS). Patria es el lugar donde no se explota al ciudadano, porque si explotan al ciudadano, si le quitan lo que le pertenece, si le roban lo que tiene, no es patria. Precisamente la tragedia de nuestro pueblo ha sido no tener patria. Y la mejor prueba, la mejor prueba de que no tenemos patria es que decenas de miles y miles de hijos de esta tierra se van de Cuba para otro país, para poder vivir, pero no tienen patria. Y no se van todos los que quieren, sino los pocos que pueden. Y eso es verdad y ustedes lo saben (EXCLAMACIONES). Luego, hay que arreglar la República. ¿Aquí algo anda mal o todo anda mal? (EXCLAMACIONES DE: Todo)." Fidel Castro Ruz. Camagüey, 4 de enero de 1959

 

Hace cincuenta años, el 1ro. de enero de 1959, Cuba, una no tan pequeña isla del Caribe de 114,000 kilómetros cuadrados (mayor que Bélgica, Holanda y Dinamarca combinadas), que entonces tenía unos seis millones de habitantes y hoy tiene 11, apareció en la primera página de todos los diarios importantes del mundo de una manera muy esperanzadora: el dictador Fulgencio Batista, militar de mano dura con fama de corrupto que ocupaba el poder desde 1952 como consecuencia de un golpe de Estado, había huido del país.

 

Aquello fue una fiesta. El dictador había sido derrotado por un movimiento guerrillero encabezado por un joven abogado llamado Fidel Castro y una pintoresca tropa de improvisados combatientes barbudos que aportaban a los medios de comunicación y a la imaginación popular los dos elementos más apreciados por cualquier periodista: unas imágenes muy poderosas y un elemental relato de buenos contra malos. En ese país, pensó todo el mundo, incluida la inmensa mayoría de los cubanos, la justicia se había abierto paso a base de heroísmo y sacrificio.

 

De entonces a hoy ha pasado medio siglo, y aquel gobierno revolucionario de 1959 continúa en el poder bajo la autoridad, esencialmente, de las mismas personas que organizaron la insurrección contra Batista y luego crearon una dictadura comunista. Este es un hecho insólito en la historia política contemporánea. Las dos terceras partes de las personas que pueblan el planeta han nacido después de que los hermanos Fidel y Raúl Castro ocuparan el gobierno cubano. Sólo por la Casa Blanca han pasado 10 presidentes norteamericanos y el undécimo, Barack Obama, ya ha sido elegido. Es verdad que en América Latina ha habido dictaduras muy largas, pero ninguna ha durado tanto tiempo. El paraguayo Alfredo Stroessner estuvo 35 años en el poder, el dominicano Rafael Leonidas Trujillo 31, y el venezolano Juan Vicente Gómez 27. Ninguno, ni remotamente, se ha acercado a las cinco décadas: eso quiere decir que tres generaciones consecutivas de cubanos no han conocido otra cosa que el gobierno comunista.

 

Me propongo responder velozmente a seis preguntas clave que hoy se hace cualquier persona interesada en explicarse este largo proceso histórico conocido como "la revolución cubana'':

* ¿Por qué y cómo fue derrotado Batista por un puñado de jóvenes rebeldes que carecían de adiestramiento?

* ¿Por qué Fidel Castro, su hermano Raúl, el Che Guevara y otros pocos revolucionarios convirtieron a Cuba en una nación comunista?

* ¿Cómo fue la transformación de ese país a lo largo de este período?

* ¿Cuáles han sido las consecuencias reales de esos cambios para el pueblo cubano?

* ¿Por qué el comunismo cubano no desapareció tras el colapso de la URSS y sus satélites europeos a partir del derribo del Muro de Berlín en el 1989?

* ¿Qué sucederá cuando la dictadura cubana, como todas, llegue a su final?

De alguna manera, en las respuestas a esas seis preguntas hay un balance completo de lo que fue, ha sido, y tal vez será lo que pomposamente llaman "el proceso revolucionario cubano''.

 
El triunfo de la revolución
La caída y fuga de Batista en enero de 1959 fue un suceso raro, pero no único en la violenta historia de Cuba. En agosto de 1933, 26 años antes, otro dictador militar, el general Gerardo Machado, también había huido del país tras una cruenta revolución armada impulsada por los estudiantes y las clases medias, secundada en la fase final por el ejército.
Incluso, fue al calor de esos hechos y en la cresta de aquella revolución que surgió Fulgencio Batista como un meteoro: de joven y humilde sargento taquígrafo, pobre y mestizo, había pasado primero a coronel, y luego a general y "hombre fuerte'' de la república, presentándose como un líder de izquierda, muy cercano en su momento a los comunistas, aunque capaz de entenderse muy bien con los norteamericanos y de reorganizar el desorden institucional posrevolucionario que existía en el país, operación que duró aproximadamente siete años: desde 1933 hasta 1940. En ese año, en 1940, se aprobó una constitución democrática que no permitía la reelección, y Batista fue elegido presidente legítimo por los próximos cuatro años.

Sin embargo, el grueso de la sociedad, a tenor de los esquemas revolucionarios de la época, comenzó a acercarse a un movimiento de masas de corte socialdemócrata, llamado Partido Revolucionario Cubano (Auténtico), que manejaba una retórica antiamericana y anticapitalista, dirigido por un médico llamado Ramón Grau San Martín. En 1944 y 1948, en dos elecciones consecutivas, ese partido "Auténtico'' gano limpiamente los comicios, y parecía que una democracia de centroizquierda o socialdemocracia se había estabilizado en el país. Precisamente, fue el segundo de estos dos gobiernos auténticos, legítimamente presidido por el doctor Carlos Prío Socarrás, quien fue derrocado por Batista.

El 10 de marzo de 1952, poco antes de las elecciones pautadas para ese año y en las que --según las encuestas de la época-- hubiera ganado el Partido Ortodoxo (un desprendimiento de los auténticos), Batista dio un golpe militar, el segundo de su vida, e interrumpió el curso democrático del país.

Poco después comenzó la insurrección para desalojarlo del poder, más o menos como había ocurrido contra Machado un cuarto de siglo antes: atentados terroristas, ataques a cuarteles, asesinatos de militares, conspiraciones políticas, y una severa crítica al gobierno en los medios de comunicación. A todo esto respondió la dictadura de Batista con asesinatos selectivos, torturas a los detenidos y censura esporádica y persecución a los periodistas y políticos críticos.

Fue dentro de ese clima de crispación donde surgió Fidel Castro como uno de los cabecillas de la insurrección, primero atacando sin éxito el cuartel Moncada el 26 de julio de 1953 y, luego de pasar casi dos años en la cárcel y un breve exilio en México, desembarcando en la isla.

¿Quién era Fidel Castro? Era un abogado joven, violento y carismático, acusado a fines de los años 40 de crímenes políticos e intentos de asesinato en la etapa democrática de Cuba, aunque nunca lo condenaron en los tribunales. Se sabía que era confusamente radical y audaz, que poseía una gran capacidad de intimidación frente a partidarios y adversarios, de manera que impuso su liderazgo y se convirtió en la cabeza más visible de una oposición dividida en varios grupos y dos estrategias: los electoralistas, que deseaban salir de Batista por la vía política, y los insurreccionalistas, que pretendían sacarlo a tiros del poder. Fidel acabó imponiendo la línea dura: la lucha armada como única estrategia válida y patriótica.

No obstante, el golpe definitivo contra Batista --como le había ocurrido a Machado en 1933-- fue la pérdida del apoyo de Estados Unidos. En abril de 1958, el gobierno republicano de Ike Eisenhower, presionado por una hábil campaña de los exiliados cubanos, decretó un embargo de armas al gobierno de Batista para obligarlo a buscar una solución política a la guerra desatada en el país.

Pero las consecuencias de ese embargo norteamericano de armas fueron otras: en lugar de precipitar una salida pacífica al conflicto, Washington provocó o aceleró el triunfo de los insurrectos. Los jefes de las Fuerzas Armadas interpretaron, correctamente, que Batista había perdido el favor de "los americanos'' y dieron por sentado que era un régimen condenado a muerte, así que surgieron conspiraciones y comenzaron a establecer relaciones secretas con Fidel Castro. Batista lo supo y, convencido de que estaba rodeado de traidores, decidió escapar de Cuba exactamente como había hecho el general Machado en 1933 y por más o menos las mismas razones. Cuando huyó del país, el 90 por ciento de las fuerzas armadas y el 95 por ciento del territorio teóricamente seguían bajo su control. Pero él y su gobierno estaban profunda e irremediablemente desmoralizados. Por eso perdieron el poder.

 
Rumbo al comunismo
Una vez ocupada la casa de gobierno, el verdadero Fidel Castro comenzó a mostrarse a los cubanos y al mundo. Supuestamente, la revolución se había llevado a cabo para restaurar la democracia y las libertades individuales garantizadas en la Constitución de 1940 y conculcadas por Batista. Pero el hombre que había asegurado varias veces que no era comunista, muy rápidamente, en apenas dos años, comenzó a confiscar las empresas privadas nacionales y extranjeras, se acercó a los soviéticos, atacó a Estados Unidos con gran vehemencia, nacionalizó sin compensación las propiedades de las compañías nacionales y extranjeras, muchas de ellas pertenecientes a norteamericanos y españoles, se apoderó de los medios de comunicación y estableció un gobierno de partido único.
¿Por qué lo hizo? Fundamentalmente, porque desde sus años universitarios Fidel Castro había desarrollado simpatías por las ideas comunistas y un odio sin límites contra Estados Unidos. Esa tendencia se había reforzado a partir de su contacto en México en 1956 con el argentino Ernesto Guevara, conocido como el Che, también de convicciones comunistas, doctrinariamente mejor formado que Fidel en el marxismo, y los dos, además, recibían el aliento de Raúl Castro, hermano menor de Fidel, afiliado a las juventudes comunistas cubanas desde 1953, aunque sin demasiado interés en las cuestiones teóricas del marxismo.

¿Cómo Fidel Castro y un puñado de seguidores fanáticos pudieron llevar a los cubanos a una dictadura marxista-leninista y colocar al país en la órbita soviética, si los comunistas apenas tenían simpatías en la sociedad y jamás alcanzaron el cinco por ciento de apoyo electoral? Eso pudo ocurrir porque los cubanos, en general, aunque distaban mucho de tener simpatías por los comunistas, tampoco sentían mucho respeto por las instituciones republicanas, tal vez porque la clase política tradicional, a su vez, había dado muestras de muy poco respeto por el imperio de la ley. Los cubanos, en suma, se llamaban revolucionarios con un tinte de orgullo, y esperaban ansiosamente a que un líder bien intencionado, rodeado de otros como él, estableciera en el país el reino de la justicia y la equidad. Ese Mesías era Fidel Castro y sus apóstoles eran los barbudos que lo obedecían, de manera que una buena parte de la sociedad se entregó en sus manos sin medir las consecuencias de ese acto de fe ciega en el caudillo venerado.

Naturalmente, en los primeros años hubo una gran resistencia popular a la entronización del comunismo en Cuba, con alzamientos campesinos generalmente protagonizados por guerrilleros que habían luchado contra Batista, y una invasión de exiliados en abril de 1961 auspiciada por el gobierno norteamericano (unos 1,500 hombres que desembarcaron por Bahía de Cochinos y fueron derrotados en 48 horas), pero Fidel Castro, a base de mano dura, leyes draconianas, numerosos fusilamientos, una gran determinación y mucho armamento soviético, logró sortear todos esos obstáculos iniciales, se apoderó del aparato productivo, encarceló o puso en fuga a la mayor parte de sus adversarios, consiguió liquidar a la oposición y consolidó la dictadura. A mediados de la década de los setenta, casi veinte años después del triunfo revolucionario, todavía había en la cárcel unos 40,000 presos políticos, se habían llevado a cabo unos 7,000 fusilamientos y más de un millón de personas se habían exiliado.

Por supuesto, nada de esto hubiera sido posible sin la ayuda soviética. Moscú vio en la revolución cubana una oportunidad de conseguir un aliado situado a pocos kilómetros de Estados Unidos, lo que le daba una gran fuerza dentro de los esquemas de la guerra fría, así que, además de armar y adiestrar a las Fuerzas Armadas cubanas, a partir de mediados de 1961 comenzó a desplegar en la isla unos 40,000 soldados y oficiales soviéticos, mientras colocaba sigilosamente misiles atómicos capaces de destruir en pocos minutos las principales ciudades norteamericanas.

Descubiertos estos cohetes en octubre de 1962 por la inteligencia norteamericana, el gobierno de John F. Kennedy decretó el bloqueo marítimo de Cuba y le exigió a Moscú la retirada de ese armamento, cosa a la que se avino Nikita Kruschev, entonces Primer Ministro de la URSS. Sin embargo, como parte de la negociación que puso fin a esta peligrosa crisis, la Casa Blanca aceptó no invadir a Cuba directamente, ni permitir que otra nación latinoamericana lo hiciera.

Si la fallida invasión de Bahía de Cochinos de abril de 1961 había provocado el fin de la resistencia armada cubana contra el comunismo, el acuerdo Kennedy-Kruschev de octubre de 1962 tuvo el efecto de garantizar que Estados Unidos no intentaría liquidar violentamente al gobierno de Castro, compromiso que resultó reforzado un año más tarde, tras el asesinato en Dallas de John F. Kennedy. El gobierno cubano desde entonces tuvo vía libre para crear una sociedad comunista prácticamente sin oposición.

 
La creación de una sociedad comunista
En octubre de 1960 se produjo la confiscación y estatización de todas las empresas medianas y grandes del país. A partir de ese momento comenzó a marcha forzada la construcción de un Estado comunista en el que el gobierno controlaba la mayor parte del aparato productivo.
Casi toda la propiedad agraria fue a parar a manos del gobierno, entonces dispuesto a convertir a Cuba en un emporio azucarero aún mayor de lo que entonces era.

En el orden comercial e industrial sucedió lo mismo. En 1959, en Cuba se fabricaban unos 10,000 productos y existía un denso tejido comercial en manos privadas. El Estado confiscó todas esas empresas y decretó la industrialización forzosa del país. Cuba saltaría sobre las previsiones de Marx y construiría el comunismo sin pasar por la etapa del capitalismo desarrollado. ¿Cómo? Lo haría bajo la dirección de Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara, con el ímpetu revolucionario del hombre nuevo, movido por resortes emocionales y no por recompensas económicas.

La consecuencia de aquellos planes improvisados, casi todos basados en la afiebrada imaginación de Fidel Castro, fue la quiebra financiera del país, una reducción sustancial de la capacidad de consumo de los cubanos, y el fracaso de lo que se llamó el ‘‘idealismo revolucionario'', inaugurándose a partir de 1970 una total sovietización del modelo administrativo cubano, mediante el calco, a partir de ese momento, de cuanto se hacía en Moscú. Lo que entonces se dijo era que terminaba la etapa del "gobierno carismático unipersonal'' y se pasaba a la era del "pragmatismo institucional'' guiado por el Partido, algo que, en realidad, nunca sucedió porque Fidel mantuvo totalmente las riendas del poder en sus manos.

Paradójicamente, el desastre económico provocado por la revolución no impidió que una de las principales funciones del gobierno fuera tratar de crear en todas partes regímenes similares al forjado en Cuba. En América Latina, prácticamente todos los países, con la excepción de México, ya fueran dictaduras o democracias, sufrieron las intervenciones militares cubanas, directa o indirectamente, y Cuba se convirtió en el santuario de guerrilleros y subversivos de todas partes del mundo, incluidos los terroristas vascos de ETA, los tupamaros uruguayos, los montoneros argentinos, los macheteros puertorriqueños, los miricos chilenos, el FMLN de El Salvador, los sandinistas nicaragüenses o los narcoterroristas de las FARC colombianas. Dentro de esa atmósfera de aventurerismo y violencia fue que en 1967 el Che Guevara perdió la vida en Bolivia tras haber intentado crear guerrillas en el Congo pocos años antes.

 
Las consecuencias del comunismo
En el terreno económico, las consecuencias del establecimiento del comunismo desataron también una terrible catástrofe. Paulatinamente, Cuba dejó de ser una de las naciones más prósperas de América Latina para convertirse en una de las más pobres e improductivas, pese a haber contado durante treinta años con el masivo subsidio de los soviéticos, calculado en algo más de $100,000 millones. Ello ha provocado una disminución notable de la calidad de vida de los cubanos y un visible deterioro de sus condiciones de vida en los cinco renglones básicos de cualquier sociedad moderna: alimentación, vivienda, agua potable, comunicaciones y transporte.
El comunismo pudo, incluso, diezmar la industria azucarera, provocando que a principios del siglo XXI el país produjera la misma cantidad de azúcar que a fines del siglo XIX, cuando no existían la electricidad o los tractores y el país tenía la décima parte de la población con que hoy cuenta.

La educación masiva universitaria ha generado un número importante de graduados, unos 800,000, entre los que hay 65,000 médicos y millares de ingenieros, convirtiendo a Cuba en el país latinoamericano con mayor capital humano con arreglo a la población. Sin embargo, ese alto nivel educativo aumenta la frustración de la población, en la medida en que las personas comprueban que la educación y el esfuerzo individual no traen aparejado un mejor nivel de vida, dado que el salario promedio de los cubanos graduados en las universidades no excede los veinticinco dólares mensuales.

Pese a la penuria general en la que viven los cubanos, sometidos al racionamiento y a las mayores carencias, el país posee un extendido sistema de salud, atendido, en general, por médicos competentes, dato que se confirma en los buenos índices sanitarios en materia de criaturas nacidas vivas, longevidad y morbilidad. Lamentablemente, junto a esta estructura médica, hay una casi total carencia de medicinas, equipos y material, al extremo de que los pacientes muchas veces tienen que llevar sus propias sábanas y en los salones de cirugía faltan el hilo de sutura y los jabones, mientras suele escasear hasta la anestesia.

Tal vez en el deporte es donde la revolución ha cosechado sus mejores frutos. No hay otro país latinoamericano, incluidos Brasil, México y Argentina --los tres grandes de América Latina--, que hayan obtenido tantas medallas como Cuba en los torneos internacionales. Sin embargo, junto a esa innegable verdad está la de un Estado que se proclama dueño de la voluntad y la vida de sus atletas y no los deja salir al exterior a convertirse en profesionales y perseguir sus propios fines, lo que provoca el espectáculo grotesco de jugadores de béisbol que tienen que escapar en balsa para poder desarrollar su potencial deportivo como libremente hacen los atletas del resto del mundo.

 
Cómo se sostiene el sistema
Si el balance final de medio siglo de comunismo cubano, objetivamente, es tan negativo como se desprende de este recuento, ¿por qué el régimen de los Castro ha sido uno de los pocos que sobrevivió a la debacle que acabó con la URSS y sus satélites, pese a que este episodio significó, además, el fin del cuantioso subsidio soviético a Cuba en 1991, entonces calculado en $5,000 millones anuales y la caída súbita de la capacidad de consumo de los cubanos en un cuarenta por ciento?
Según el gobierno de La Habana, esa capacidad de resistencia se debe a la adhesión casi unánime de los cubanos al régimen, y al origen autóctono del comunismo cubano. De acuerdo con esta explicación, no fue un sistema impuesto por el Ejército Rojo como los que existían en Europa, sino el resultado de una revolución surgida de la voluntad del propio pueblo.

Sin embargo, tal vez la razón sea otra. El régimen ha resistido porque Fidel y Raúl Castro no permitieron la menor fisura que pudiera poner en peligro el control que ejercen sobre absolutamente todas las instituciones y órganos del poder, como sucede en Corea del Norte, país que tampoco modificó su modelo esencialmente estalinista y tampoco ha visto cambios sustanciales. En Cuba no hay espacio para la discrepancia organizada en ninguna zona del poder. Ningún funcionario puede expresar un criterio discrepante sin ser inmediatamente apartado de su cargo y, en el mejor de los casos, condenado al ostracismo. El Partido, el aparato administrativo, los militares y la policía, la prensa, los jueces y fiscales: absolutamente todos los órganos de gobierno están en las manos de los Castro y no existe el menor vestigio de instituciones independientes.

 
El postcomunismo
En todo caso, lo probable es que con la desaparición de los hermanos Castro el comunismo cubano llegará a su fin. ¿Por qué? Por cuatro razones básicas:
* Porque en Cuba no hay otro heredero y las instituciones del sistema --el Partido y el Parlamento fundamentalmente-- son cascarones vacíos, carentes de cualquier elemento de legitimidad que les permita transmitir la autoridad de una forma aceptable para el conjunto de la sociedad y para la propia estructura de poder.

* Porque esa estructura de poder ya no cree en el sistema, como confirman una y otra vez los desertores de alto rango o los familiares de los dirigentes que logran salir del país. Medio siglo de fracasos es un periodo demasiado largo para que cualquier persona medianamente inteligente pueda mantener la fe en ese minucioso desastre.

* Porque un país no puede excluirse permanentemente de la influencia de su entorno. Tras la desaparición de la URSS y la conversión de China a un capitalismo salvaje de partido único, el comunismo dejó de ser una opción viable en el mundo contemporáneo. Cuba no puede ser permanentemente la excepción marxista-leninista en una época en la que ese modelo se extinguió por su propia crueldad e incapacidad.

* Porque los cubanos saben que hay salida a la crisis. No ignoran que en el momento en que comience la transición el país va a recibir una ayuda caudalosa de Estados Unidos y del resto del primer mundo, lo que permitirá que la sociedad vea a muy corto plazo las consecuencias positivas del cambio.

Obviamente, la recuperación de Cuba no será sencilla, como no lo ha sido en ninguno de los países que abandonaron el comunismo en Europa, pero la infusión de capital económico, junto al notable capital humano con que cuenta la isla, aunados tras un cambio de sistema, auguran un futuro muy prometedor para los cubanos si consiguen un grado razonable de sosiego político. Cuando se llegue a ese punto, va a parecer casi inexplicable que durante 50 años tres generaciones de cubanos vieron cómo sus vidas se consumían al calor del error, la dictadura y la sinrazón de la revolución cubana.




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